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Jonathan Wathen (c.1728-1808) was an English surgeon, who specialized in diseases of the eye and practiced in London during the Georgian era. He was teacher and mentor to the ophthalmologist James Ware, and Sir Jonathan Wathen Waller, the oculist to George III. ==Life and career== Jonathan Wathen was born in 1727 or 1728, most likely in Stroud, Gloucestershire, to Jonathan Wathen, a wealthy clothier of Stroud, and his wife Sarah Watkins.〔see the parish baptism (24 May 1728), marriage and death records for Jonathan Wathen available on (Ancestry.com. ) accessed 17 November 2012. Also, see the listing for the death of Jonathan Wathen in ''The Gentleman's Magazine and historical chronicle for the year 1808,'' John Nichols and son, London, v. 103, p. 92.〕 He apprenticed about 1745 under his older brother, Samuel Wathen, M.D.,〔"Old Bailey Proceedings, 11th April 1749: Case 341" at (The Proceedings of the Old Bailey ). accessed 17 November 2012.〕 a well-known London physician whose patients included the Rev. John Wesley and Queen Charlotte, the wife of George III. Their association lasted ten years or more, and it is likely that at some point Jonathan graduated from apprentice to partner. Samuel's practice in 1751 was located at Devonshire Square in London,〔see the listing for Samuel Wathen's marriage and address at the time in ''The London Magazine for Gentlemen,'' R.Baldwin, London, v. 20 (1751), p. 141.〕 and Jonathan is listed in 1755 at the same address as well.〔"A Method Proposed to Restore Hearing when Injured from an Obstruction of the Tuba Eustachiana", in ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,'' v. 49 (1756), p. 213.〕 The two also practiced side by side for many years at the City of London Lying-in Hospital,〔Wilson, Adrian (1995), ''The making of man-midwifery: childbirth in England, 1660-1770,'' University of London College, London, p. 150.〕 and later they practiced together at the Magdalen Hospital as well.〔''An account of the rise, progress, and present state of the Magdalen Hospital for the reception of penitent prostitutes,'' Fifth Edition (1776), W.Faden, London, p. 356.〕 Jonathan presented a paper in 1755 to the Royal Society on a method of restoring hearing by using a catheter to clear a blocked eustachian tube (i.e., the canal that runs from the nose to the ear).〔Jaipreet Virdi, "The Catheter" in (From the Hands of Quacks ). accessed 17 November 2012.〕 Although he made this presentation to the Society, he was never admitted there as a Fellow. However, he was elected a Fellow to the Society of Antiquaries of London.〔As early as 1781, Jonathan Wathen's name appears with the post-nominal letters F.A.S. attached, and sometimes the more modern version of F.S.A.. Both abbreviations indicate that the bearer is a Fellow in the Society of Antiquaries.〕 Eventually, Jonathan and his brother established separate practices, with Jonathan ending up at Bond-court, in Walbrook, London, and Samuel at Great Cumberland Street in St. Marylebone.〔〔see Samuel and Jonathan Wathen in the list of subscribers, with their places of business in Deverell, Mary (1776), ''Sermons on various subjects,'' W.Strahan, London, p.4.〕 In addition, Jonathan became a surgeon in 1770 at the London Magdalen Hospital, which was an institution to rehabilitate prostitutes,〔Compston, Rev, H.F.B. (1917), The Magdalen Hospital: The story of a great charity, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, p. 65.〕 and this may have been an extension of his earlier work at the Lying-in Hospital. Presumably he carried on his duties at these institutions in conjunction with his private practice. Jonathan married Anne Waller, the widow of John Allen, on 8 June 1761 at St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate in London.〔 Although he never had children of his own, Anne did have one daughter Mary Allen from her previous marriage. When this daughter in 1764 wed Joshua Phipps, Jonathan Wathen signed the church record as witness,〔see the marriage record for Mary Allen and Joshua Phipps available on (Ancestry.com. ) accessed 17 November 2012.〕 and he is often listed as the grandfather of Mary's only son Jonathan Wathen Phipps (b. 1769), whereas he is in fact the step grandfather.〔Burke, John (1833), "Waller, Sir Jonathan-Wathen" in ''A general and heraldic dictionary of the Peerage and baronetage of the British Empire,'' Henry Colburn, London, p. 581-583.〕 Although Jonathan Wathen never received any formal medical training, he did publish, and became very well known. He always referred to himself in his publications as a surgeon, but he specialized in diseases of the eye and throat, and he is sometimes even referred to as one of the founding fathers of ophthalmology in England. However, that term is probably more appropriate for a college-trained physician named James Ware (1756-1815), who Jonathan took on as an assistant in 1777 when he was at Bond-court. The next year the two entered into a formal partnership, with Ware holding a one-fourth interest, that lasted until 1791 when Ware started his own practice.〔"Ware, James (1756-1815)" in ''The Dictionary of National Biography''〕 Although Ware ultimately became the better known of the two, and was even admitted as a Fellow to the Royal Society, he acknowledged in print his debt to his mentor and former partner Jonathan Wathen.〔see the preface dedicated to Jonathan Wathen, Esq. in Ware, James (1905), ''Chirurgical observations relative to the eye'', J. Mawman, London.〕 When Wathen and Ware parted company, Jonathan took on his step grandson Jonathan Wathen Phipps in 1791 as an apprentice. The younger Jonathan went on in 1795 to become the eye doctor for King George III.〔Dod, Charles R. (1848), "Waller, 1st Bat." in ''The peerage, baronetage, and knightage of Great Britain and Ireland, 8th year,'' Whitakker and Co., London, p. 453.〕 The elder Jonathan continued to practice, having achieved renown equal to that of his deceased brother Samuel (d. 1787), and died on 17 January 1808 at East Acton, London (Middlesex) in his 80th year.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jonathan Wathen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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